![]() These were all, however, promptly repaired. ![]() After nine years of fighting between the French and Viet Minh forces, Hanoi became the capital of an independent North Vietnam in 1954.ĭuring the Vietnam War, Hanoi's transportation facilities were disrupted by the bombing of bridges and railways. However, the French returned and reoccupied the city in 1946. The city was occupied by the Japanese in 1940 and liberated in 1945, when it briefly became the seat of the Viet Minh government after Ho Chi Minh proclaimed the independence of Vietnam. As Hanoï, it became the capital of French Indochina after 1887. Hanoi was occupied by the French in 1873 and passed to them ten years later. In 1831, the Nguyễn emperor Minh Mạng renamed it Hà Nội ( 河 内, "Between Rivers" or "River Interior"). In 1802, when the Nguyễn Dynasty was established and moved the capital to Huế, the old name Thăng Long was modified to become Thăng Long ( 昇 隆, "Ascending & Flourishing"). Right after the end of the Tây Sơn Dynasty, it was named Bắc Thành ( 北 城, "Northern Citadel"). In 1428, the Vietnamese overthrew the Chinese under the leadership of Lê Lợi, who later founded the Lê Dynasty and renamed Đông Quan Đông Kinh ( 東 京, "Eastern Capital") or Tonkin. In 1408, the Chinese Ming Dynasty attacked and occupied Vietnam, changing Đông Đô's name to "Eastern Gateway" ( Chinese: 東 關, Dōngguān), Đông Quan in Vietnamese. Thăng Long then became Đông Đô ( 東 都), the "Eastern Capital." Thăng Long remained the capital of Đại Việt until 1397, when it was moved to Thanh Hóa, then known as Tây Đô ( 西 都), the "Western Capital". Claiming to have seen a dragon ascending the Red River, he renamed the site Thăng Long ( 昇 龍, "Rising Dragon") - a name still used poetically to this day. In 1010, Ly Thai To, the first ruler of the Lý Dynasty, moved the capital of Đại Việt to the site of the Đại La Citadel. In 866, it was turned into a citadel and named Đại La ( Chinese: 大 羅, Dàluó, "Big Net"). During the Chinese domination of Vietnam, it was known first as Long Biên, then Tống Bình ( Chinese: 宋 平, Sòngpíng, " Song Peace") and Long Đỗ ( Chinese: 龍 肚, Lóngdù, "Dragonbelly"). Hanoi has had many names throughout history, all of them of Sino-Vietnamese origin. One of the first known permanent settlements is the Co Loa citadel (Cổ Loa) founded around 200 BC. Hanoi has been inhabited since at least 3000 BC. October 2010 officially marked 1000 years since the establishment of the city. Hanoi is located at 1,760 km (1,090 mi) north of Ho Chi Minh City. The city is located on the right bank of the Red River. From 1954 to 1976, it was the capital of North Vietnam. ![]() It was eclipsed by Huế during the Nguyen dynasty as the capital of Vietnam, but Hanoi served as the capital of French Indochina from 1902 to 1954. From 1010 until 1802, it was the most important political centre of Vietnam. Its population in 2009 was estimated at 2.6 million for urban districts, 6.5 million for the metropolitan jurisdiction. Hanoi ( Hà Nội listen, Chunom:河內, literally "Inside the river"), is the capital of Vietnam and the country's second largest city. People's Committee's President (Chủ tịch Ủy ban Nhân Dân).People's Council's President (Chủ tịch Hội đồng Nhân Dân). ![]()
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